Fluid-pressure engine.



P.. G. TISMER, FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

` ALPFLGTIOH FILED AUG. 2, 1913. l LML Patented July M1914 3 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

1J. G. TISMER. FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

I 1A APPLICATION FILED AUcfzz, 191s.

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Patented M, 1914.

UNllllElD? RAUL Gr. TISMER, 0F NEW' YORK,

FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINE.

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Speecation of Letters Patent.

Patented July l t, 'lentas Application filed August 2. 1913. Serial No. 782.618.

To all whom itin/1y concern:

Be 'it known that I, PAUL G. Tisaiiin, a subject of the German Emperor, residingr in the borough otl iilanhattan, city, county, and yState ot' New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Fluid- .lressure Engines, ot' which the following is a tu'll and clear specification.

This invention relates to {luid-pressure engines of the reciproeatory type and isas here showin-embodied in a double acting pile driving hammer.

lt is one ot the objects of this invention to produce an unrestricted striking stroke permitting the tull force ot' the stroke to be expended prior to the reversal of the motive fluid.

It also provides vloi the sii'ft-ing of the reverse valve by means of the exhaust. of the tluid pressure to make certain ot its move ments.

It. further provides that the opening ot' the exhaustv passages is controlled by recesses in the inain piston tor the purpose ot relieving the device of all pressure when said exhaust ports are in line with said recesses.

lt is tnrther provided that the flow ot the tluid pressure. is at all times in one diret tion employing;l thereby the sii-called unatlow system which permits. as is well known, a very high ellieiency in a single c vliiider approaching, it not eqnaline'. that ot the triple expansion engine.

llt. further providesI a eut otl" valve to permit the use oli the tluid pressure expansively to accomplish still higher economy.

Further, 'for purposes ot control. ahand valve is provided to change the point ot cnt ntl', to permitl the delivery ot blows either hard or sott tomeet the conditions that may be encountered when driving piles in various kinds and depths ot soils.

lt`urthei-inoi'e, tne upward or return stroke is here absorbed in 'full by means ot' tluidpres nre. i. e. what remains in the upper part of the main cylinder after the exhaust has been uncovered and then at atmospheric pressure. will be entrapped and compressed to absorb the return stroke.

Further: the workiiner stroke is made to be ol` a variable nature by means ot the remaining exhaust tluid similarly entrapped on thedown stroke, but the total pressure here'.produced is but of 5 pounds at the most and`ntilized to shift the eut-ott' valvel to a greater or not shifting it at depending upon opening; none lesser degree of cut-ott; or all, or closing italtogether tlie opening less or more, or

or closing entirely, ot a hand controlled opening atording' an outlet to the so entrapped tluid under erted by the d ner the retu the pressure exowngoing piston. ln this manrn stroke is .positively postponed until the striking! stroke has come to a full rest a function quite contrarytoother devices built poses,

and in which heretofore for similar, pur-, the full force of the striking stroke was never available because the reverse v iston has before the p alve there used is delivered its blowf since in those devices the piston travel tis directly responsible 'for the actuation ot the reverse valve. Such back pressure here be created when the exhausting shitts the reverse valve is as may but nominal, never exceeding'A one pound per squareA inch since the exhaust valve is very lightbalanced piston type. as is developed but nominal since its oir-l is to shit't the ent-oli' valve, which is ot.thc piston type is held in the open ton is again by meansl ol t lint since the ditl'ei'ent dian and of the Such baclepressure beneath the downgoing pisy dut-5T also and balanced. This valve position preferably he pressure ot' the motive tluid two ends ot this valve are of irters the live side being lint` a small `traction ot' that ot the othei'. not over 5 pounds maximum this point',

cnt-otlI desired;

will be developed at ependmp; upon the length ot a greater choking;a ot the outgoing' tluid at the regulating handvalve will cause a greater rise ot pressure sincey then it will take a greater length ot time to permit the accumulated pressure to Jtall bv outflow into t'erred. a spr cut-ott valve ot the pressure tluid; the

has that function.

used merel y Although t the atmosphere. lt preniay be used to shitt the position instead pressure tluid here ing:

to the 'f on heI device here Ishown a pile-i hammer for the purpose of driving all invanner ol piles, the motive unit is equallyl `well adapted 't'oi nect'ed nor changes need to the device then end sii-ed cut-ott,

be the saine pumpingpurposes and it condiiect to a single acting pnniip.`

be made in the power actingr with any de or without eut-ott'. depending `upon adjustment. `When a double acting pump is actuated direct with the` power up stroke needs to as the down stroke. requiring on l full, i, 7@

tluid, 175

iio'

Ctr

6a strokes which are but defined in part, the tl exhaust port.

' lower half of' the cyl Clt van instrumen of said piston is preferably constructed approximately one-half the length oi' cylinder 3 and said cylinder` is provided with exhaust ports 6 and G suitably disposed between the ends of the cylinder to cooperate with recesses 22 and 35 iii the piston in the manner to be hereinafter pointalteration readily understood and needing no further description. 1

Forcarryiiigg out. these and other objects,` as will appear in the specification, lthere is provided a motiveuuit of the type in which a piston reciprocates iii a cylinder, the piston being adapted lo transmit power for .length any desired service for which an engin@ of ed out. The supply of moti-ive luid to the this character is suitable. Aecordingto the cylinder is controlled by a niain or reversing' present embodiu'ient, the admission of inovalve andra cut-olf valve 8,"botl`i being` of tive fluid is controlled by a main valve and the balanced piston type and thel former a supplementaryv cutotl' valve. The iosiarranged to reciprocate in a valve chamber tion of the main valve is controlled by the '9 and the latter in a valve chamber 10. The exhaust motive ituid coming from the cylmotive fluid which may be steam, coininder to the valve casiiml in"wliiclr`ehe main pressed air, or any other form of Huid actuvalve is located. The position ,-g'i' the cutating' means, enters the cut-ofi' valve chamber from a supply pipe 11 and nular the wallet llie cut-oil valve 8 is provided disk 13 which is normallyheld in the position shown in Fig. 2, by pressure of the fluid in chamber 31, tl

motive fluid to pass from the recess 12 as indicated by the arrows, and through. a port 14 into a duet 15 which leads to aii annular recess 1,0 in the wall of the reversing valve chamber.

Under the conditions shown in Figi. 2, the reversingr valve 7 .which in the en'ibodiment comprises disks 17. 18 and 38 is at the extreme left, so that. disks 17 and 18 of the valve form a direct passage to a pasinto an anchaniber 10. with a valve oiil i'alve is preferably contrblledthrough the balanced action of ih c fresh motive fluid ona relatively small surface vand the fluid displaced Afrom the cylinder on the power stroke of the piston.

In the accompanying' drawings in which like reference characters denote correspondintel parts. Figure l is a view in elevation partly broken away to show the underlying structure; Fig. 2 is a diae'raii'iinatic view showingl the piston at the beginning of its down stroke, the motive fluid being: admit.- lted through the cut-oli' valve and the main valve to the upper end ofthe cylinder. Fig. f3 is a view similar to Fig'. 2 showingv the piston adjacent the end of its power stroke.

Fig. is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 3, saire 10 which leads from a port 20 in the ShOWml' Sill] HNO'IIC" POS'OD 0l. U10 PmlH valve chamber 9. Said passage 19 terminates below in an annular recess 21 inl the upper end of the cylinder 3 and as here shown, conveys live motive fluid to the in which the piston has arrived at the end of its down stroke uncoverimgr the proper Fig'. 5 is a fragmentary scctional view through the cylinder and valve Spa@ above the visi-(m 1 y Causing (he plum. Clfilh's- F112- (l 1S fl letali 0W Showing tio be forced downwardly. ntern'icdiatelY the arraiic'einent: 4whereby the control of the admission of live motive lthiid'to the inder may be `governed by thecutotl'1 valve under4 the action ot the fluid displaced from the cylinder durinl the power stroke.

Referring" more particularly to the drawings and to the en'ihodiiueut shown therein, tality to which power is to he delivered is represented in the present embodiment by a rain 1 employed in driving' piling' under the action of a motive unit 2. rlhe motive unit 2 in this instance embodies a cylinder 3, and a piston (t, rcciprotaitiu'sg' therein, said piston being` provided with a piston rod 5 which extends through the The ram 1 may be ot its ends and preferably'adjacent its central transverse plane, said cylinder is provided with cxhaust ports G and ti. The piston 4 in passing' by the exhaust poit (i entraps a certain volume of fluid then at atmospheric pressure in the lower end of the cylinder. As the piston descends, the fluid below it is forced througi'l an annular recess 25 adjacent, the bottom ot the c vliiider 5l and into a, passage. 526 which leads to an annular recess Q7 in t-lie.valve chamber 9. so that the exhaust remnant. which is displaced from the lower end of the cylinder 3 is 'llieiinitted to pass through the chamber 9 between the valve disks 1 "S to a duct 2S leadingr into the right ot' the disk 1.3 ot the cut-oli valve. The outlet. for this portion of the eut-ofi' valve chamber, is located 'atdt and as may he seen by reference towFigf. (ixk is controlled by a valve con'iiprisuigi valve seat 29 and valve 30, havinfe" ai hand wheel as shown.

The speed at which tilie entrapped space to the head ot" said cylinder. guided in anv suitable manner as. by means ot a follower a engaging! guiding: rods 7", the latter being connected to and supportinga head 8. In order to provide suitable and etiicieiit. means for enabling,` the piston et to control the exhaust without employing objectionable valve mechanism, and to eliminate the violent reversals by reason of the which is maniiy .adjustable -to vary ius permitting the;

preferred valve 8 and y fluid dis` charges can be ,so verrted by the control valve ie'outlet to the openair. Ieiwill 13d therefore, that if the valve 30 is partly admitted until the piston Il had come to closed, the fluid entrapped beneath the pisrest on its down travel, whether that was ton l will be compressed and Will exert a an instant rest as it might be with an unpressure preferably about 1 poundJ per yielding; pile or a delayed rest, delayed by 5 square inch, on the lateral surtace of the theram following the pile. The piston l 70 'valve disk 13, so that the cut-olf valvev 8 will now rise under the pressure of the will be 'forced from the position shown in live motive fluid, and inasmuch as the valve Fig. 2 to the cut-oil position shown in disk 17 closes the upper end of conduit 19, Fig. 3. a certain amount of fluid will be entrapped.

r)The valve '7 is thrown to the right (as This entrapped fluid will be compressed and 7E, hereafter explained) before the fluid disaids the fresh motive lluid inthe succeeding,4 placed from below the piston has been comdown stroke ot the piston. That is to say, pletely expelled through the discharge outlet the piston covers the exhaust port (i soon valve 30, at which stage the cut-oli valve after itstarts on its upward stroke so as tov 8 is s/till in 'the' position shown in Fig. 3, but form a fluid cushion absorbing in t'otal or in 80 the reversing va ve 7 is in the position part the force of the upward blow and then shown in Fig. 4. 1n this position of the parts using the energy amounting to .not less than a supplementary duet 28 will convey the entifty pounds per square inch stored up hy trapped air and fluid from the valve chamthe compression ot the entrapped lluid in 2e ber 9 to the valve chamber 10 and thus to the assisting; the live motive fluid 'to impel the g5 conduit Q9. When the entrapped fluid has piston on the subsequent down stroke. By entirely passed the valve y3Q to the air, the this means, not only is jarring eliminated cut-oil valve 8 will be returned to the posion the up strokes but also there is a substantien shown in Fig. 2, by reason of the preS- tial saving in motive lluid used, During the upstroke 0f .the piston, the upper part 90 sure exerted by live motive lluild within the ci'. thecylinder 1S effectively closed atport 20 (Fig. 4). The cut-ott valve 8 is aliected chamber 31 against the stem of the cut-ofi during such upward movement only by the valve 8, saidl huid of about one pound per Constant force of the fluid actingon the rear square inch being,l introduced 'to the chamot the valve through bleed passage 32 and e5 ber 31 by means of a bleed passage or conduit 3Q.

When recess 22 in piston 4 uncovers port the valve remains in a wide open position. C in its downward travel, the reversing, As a piston fl farther moves upwardly, a c,valve 7 will be shifted over from the posirecess 35 in the piston will come into registion shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown ter with the exhaust port 6, thus permit- 35 in Fig. 4, by the exhaust motive fluid passting the motive fluid to exhaust from the 10o ing out from the upper part of the cylinder under side of the piston before the latter 3, through the exhaust port (i, into an eX- reaches the upper end of its stroke; with haust conduit 23 which is connected to the this advantage, that a sticking reverse valve left-hand end of the valve chamberhand conwill not cause damage to the device, the ducts the exhaust motive fluid to a poi t to motive fluid merely blowing into the open 105 the left of the valve disk 17 of the reversby the way of the exhaust ports, thereby ing valve 7. It will be noted that the valve removing all pressure from the main cylinder. The exhaust port 6 is connected by a conduitI llt', to a port B7 adjacent the right end ot valve chamber l). l will be seen 110 that when the valve disk 38 ol' the reversingy valve comes into engagement with an andisk 17 in the position shown-in Figs. "2 and 3, cooperates with an annular llane'e 33 to Close a port 3l in the valve chamber 5) which leads to a conduit 2l. its soon, however, "asihe pressure back of the valve 17 'rises sul'hciently, z', to about 1 pound per square nular flange 39 on the wall of valvt` chaminch pressure, the reversing' valve will be ber l), the exhaust llow is cut oli' Ytrom cxshifted from the position shown in Fig. 2 haust port Vl() leading' to an exhaust pipe M 115 to the position shown in Fig. 4, when thc- ,ls soon, however, as the exhaust {luid accuexhaust lluid is free to pass into the exhaust uuilat-rs sutlicient pressure back of the valve conduit 24. 1When the iiressure of the fluid 7 (a r'ew ounces pressure being suliicient), 4in chamber 1() to the right of disk 13, has it will move the valve 7 from the position 5? dropped until the pressure in chamber 3l shown in Fig. -l to the position shown in l2@ againstthe end otl the valve stem is again Fig. Q, permitting the exhaust fluid to pass sulieient t0 throw the cut-oil valve 8 to the to the pipe 41, and at the same time the right then lthe motive fluid will pass from valve disk 18 will out oil1 the supply of mothe supply ',pipe 11 through the eut-oli' valve tive lluid to the passage 2G which leads to 50 chamber, duct 15, into the valve chamber 9, the bottom end of the cylinder 3.` At the 125 and thence into the passage 2G which delivsame time fresh motive tluid is admitted to ers it below the piston la` that is to say, althe upper end of the cylinder by `way o't the thoupji reverse valve '7 had been shifted at passage 1.) as soon as the cut oli' valve .8

- the. moment of uncoveringr of the exhaust passes back to ils original position as shown ports. the. motive fluid has not been again in Fig. 2. lt'will be seen therefore, that 130 s "I, y

l i l "i i f' with the result that. the cut-ott' will tane rvtion will come prautieally to a standstill as -try and open the hand valve still )tlf-1r ic the piston, force.

Having described fully my invention but without limiting myself to the particular structure or applicat-ion here shown, what I claim is:

l. In mechanism scribed, the combinati n of reversing valve, and a fluid pressure controlled valve independent of said reversing valve to control the inflow of motive Huid to said cylinder. t

2. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, a reversing valve7 a fluid pressure controlled valve independent of said reversing valve to controlathe inflow of motive fluid to said cylinder and means for controlling the fluid pressure whichcontrols said last named valve. I In mechanism of the character de' scribed, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, a reversing valve, a fluid pressure controlled valve independent of said reversing valve to control the inflow of motive tiuid to said cylinder and hand-operated means for controlling the fiuid pressure which controls said last named valve.l

4,. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet ports near each end and exhaust ports near themiddle of the securev unidirectional flow the npst-rolre is entirely automatic, but that the downstroke is at once automatic reversing, automatic eut-oft controlled and controlled by hand valve.

In the useof the device the control valve 30 may be previously adjusted, or adjusted while it is working, to vary the outletI opening, and thus vary the a cylinder, a

fluid to the lower side of the cylinderv-, as well as the expansive action ofthe motive fluid. If the valve 30 is so throttled that it is almost closed, pressure will quickly rise beneath piston 4- after said piston has passed exhaust port 6 and trapped the re-` maining fluid in the lower chamber of cylinder 3 causing the cut oft' valve Sto move to a full cut off position, piston et will therefore move downwardly by the expansive action of the motive fluid thereby striking a soft-.er'blow than would be the case if the cut off had occurred later or not at all. The backpressurc so created is but nominal and does not rise above a icw pounds. If the control valve 30 is set wide open the fluid pressure beneath piston JC will not be sufficient to shit't the cut otl valve to the closed vor cnt olii' position; no cut off' will take place and the piston 4 will be reversed without being able to strike an unrestricted blow, since thc opening of the exhaust passage (i near the completion of' the downstroke has permitted the fluid pressure to exhaust. and thereby 'to shift the reverse valve 7 into the up position, causing the hammer to move up 'ard, thereby repeatingl thc performance. y

To further illustrate t ing that piles of the pressure der, a reversing valve and a fluid controlled valve to control the motive fluid to the cylinder.

5. In mechanism of the character described, thc combination of a cylinder having inlet ports near each end `/and exhaust portsnear the middle to secure unidirectional flow of the pressure fluid in thercylinder, the latter ports connected to actuate the reversing valve by the exhaust from the cylinder, a reversing valve, and a fluid pressure controlled valve to ot" motive fluid to thc cylinder.

(i. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet ports near each end and exhaust ports near the middle to secure unidirectional flow luder, the latter ports connected to actuate the reversing valve by the exhaustv from the cylinder, a reversing valve, and a piston having' recesses alin'ing with said exhaust ports at opposite ends of' its movement. i

T. in mechanism of the character dcscribed, the combination of a cylinder having' inlet ports nca ports near the middle to secure unidirectional tiow l indcr, the latter ports connected to actuate pressure inflow of his device: Assumare to be driven into soil soft at first, then harder, until finally shale be struck: the control valve would be set nearly sluit with the result that. with a very early cut-oit the ram would strike soft blows far apart (but few a minute). This t'hcn would permit the dead weight ot' the hammer to come into play by following cach stroke, with a slide so to say. lVhen harder ground is reached, the control valve is opened wider, place lat'cr and the stroke will be more powerful. As soon as the shaleI is struck the hammer without adjustment will strike quicker blows because the downgoing pissoon 'as thc pile is struck. following hardly any after thatrwitgh thcricsult that the cut ott' valve will return quickcr`,`\- more rapid blows. AvThe operator ma 17 when a full blow will be struck with cutofl' takingl place near theend of' the stroke,

the reversing valve by the exhaust from the or the' full available pressure will act upon cylinder, a reversing valve, a piston having which delivers then its utmost' of' the` character de' cylinder to fluid in the cylinder, a piston in said cylin-A r each end and exhaust of the pressure fluid in the cyl` control the inflow i recesses alining with said exhaust ports at opposite ends of its movement, and means for keeping said recesses in line with said exhaust ports.

8. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder hav.- ing inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a reversing valve, and a. valve controlling the inflow of motive fluid to the cylinder, and itself actuated in and in the other by pressure of fiuid trapped in the cylindercn the working stroke of the piston.

9.`In mechanism of the character de-y scribed, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a reversing valve, a

valve controlling the inflow of motive fluid to the cylinder, and itself actuated in one direction by a constant yielding force, and4 in the other by pressure of Huid trapped in the cylinder on piston, and means for controlling the last mentioned fluid pressure.

10. In mechanism of the character de-` scribed, the combination of a cylinder, havin g inlet and exhaust ports, eating in said cylinder, a reverslng valve actuated by the exhaust fluid, a valve controlling the cylinder and controlled in one direction by and variable means the live motive Huid and in the other by the exhaust motive fluid.

' 11. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston recipro eating in said cylinder, a reversing valve actated by exhaust-fluid, a valve controlling the inflow of motive fluid to the cylinder,A

for operating said valve on the working stroke of the piston.

' 12. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprothe working stroke of thev a piston reciproinfloW of motive fluid to the.

Afluid to said cylinder,

eating in said cylinder, a reversing valve actuated by exhaust fluid, a valve cont-rolling the infiow of mot-ive fluid-to the cylinder, variable means for operating said valve on the Working stroke of the piston, and invariable means for controlling said valve on the return stroke of the piston.

13. In mechanism of the character described, tlie combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a reversing valve actuated by exhaust pressure, a valve controlling the inflow of motive fluid to the cylinder, means for operating said valve on the working stroke of the piston by the exhaust motive fluid, and means for varying the action'of such fluid,v on said valve on the working stroke.

14. In mechanism of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprocating in saidlcylinder, a reversing valve, a valve for controlling the inflow of motive Huid to the cylinder, invariable means for controlling thelatter valve on the reverse stroke of the piston, means for controlling said valve automatically on the working stroke of the piston by variable fluid pressure produced by such means for varying such fluid pressure.

15. In mechanlsm of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a reversing valve, a valve for controlling the inflow of motive fluid pressure means for controlling the position of said last named valve to control the point of cut off having means for maintaining the position of the said valve independent of a change in position of the reversing valve.

PAUL Gr. TISM'ER.

Witnesses:

HARRY P. KNIGER, WM. A.' CGURTLAND. 

